It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, Figure 4 and Figure 5 that the tensile strength, elongation, tear strength and compression permanent deformation of the rubber waterstop decreased in the low-temperature environment. Unless they are specially compounded, nitrile is not resistant to weathering, sunlight and ozone. Li B., Li S.X., Zhang Z.N. 608 0 obj
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The average temperature in the coldest month (January) is 3.2 C while the average temperature in the hottest month (July) is 14.6 C [14]. Enter words / phrases / DOI / ISBN / authors / keywords / etc. During the period of 7290 days, the content of the C element in the low-temperature air environment significantly decreased compared with that in low-temperature water, while the content of O element increased significantly. The reason for this is that the rubber main chain and side chain of the molecular chain and crosslinking chain fracture happens, simultaneously creating new crosslinking, whereas in the low-temperature environment, the rubber molecular chain is in a new crosslinking reaction, thus showing surface hardening after aging and brittle crack, namely due to its decreasing tensile strength, elongation, tear strength and compression permanent deformation. ; project administration, L.Y. The results showed that the hardness of rubber material at low-temperature increased with the gradual increase in time and pressure and proposed that one of the reasons for the increase in rubber hardness was crystallization. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (. Natural Rubber / Isoprene has excellent dynamic properties. In the low-temperature water environment, the rubber matrix still maintains good adhesion. Additionally, the damaged specimens were tested by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. In this interview, wediscuss the company'snovel technologies and how they could revolutionize how we think about plastics. ; data curation, S.L. Environics offers stand alone permeation systems that can be used for single or multiple disposable permeation tubes. Copyright document.write((new Date()).getFullYear()); Rahco Rubber, Inc. All rights reserved. Thorsten P., Ines J., Werner M. Hydrolytic degradation and functional stability of a segmented shape memory poly (ester urethane). Highly resistant to ozone and weathering. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Talking about the application of rubber waterstop in water conservancy projects. The test pieces were then observed at 500, 1000 and 6000 magnifications, and the C and O element contents were analyzed by EDS at a magnification of 1000. Received 2021 May 11; Accepted 2021 Jun 18. As shown in Figure 7b, after 36 days aging under low-temperature air environment, the additive particles on the surface completely disappeared, but many protrusions appeared, and the surface of the specimen became abnormally uneven. The Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Owned and operated by AZoNetwork, 2000-2022, A Laser Disdrometer for All Types of Precipitation OTT Parsivel, Discover the MiniFlash FPA Vision Autosampler, New Technology For High Energy Aqueous Batteries, Miniaturized Energy Storage Devices and Integrated Microsystems, New Adsorbent Material Rapidly Removes Toxic Chromium and Arsenic From Water, Researchers Create Stretchable, Composite Layered 2D Materials. Polyacrylate is used in applications such as transmissions or anything where there is petroleum oils and high temperature. Based on the findings from this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: Conceptualization, L.Y. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The results showed that with the increase in aging temperature and aging time, the rubber hardness increased and its tensile strength decreased. %PDF-1.6
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This data is provided subject to AZoM.com's terms and conditions. To sign up for alerts, please log in first. Ethylene Propylene Copolymer has excellent resistance to phosphate ester fluids (Skydrol), brake fluids (glycol base), steam, weather, and ozone. At the Advanced Materials Show in June 2022, AZoM spoke with Ben Melrose from International Syalons about the advanced materials market, Industry 4.0, and efforts to move toward net-zero. The surface morphology of the rubber waterstop before and after aging is further examined by SEM and is shown in Figure 7. The site is secure. The changes in the content of C and O elements (wt %) in the rubber waterstop samples are shown in Table 3. eaha``lt=id?#Lp%xa`8a'%Yrp}&`+O!KNxCFVl2Rg7Kj lC"Ii@nl!F Gwun`i. government site. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Secondly, the performance of fossil-based polymers in degradability and recycling is worse than that of natural rubber. GB/T 7759.1-2015 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association of China, Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic-Determination of Compression Set-Part 1: At Ambient or Elevated Temperatures. The compression permanent deformation specimen was a B-type cylinder with a diameter of 13.0 mm 0.5 mm. Application of waterstop in water conservancy engineering. The FTIR spectra were recorded using a Nicolet Nexus 470 spectrometer equipped with an ATR attachment. However, it has low tensile, tear and wear resistance. National Library of Medicine After 54 days, the peak intensity sharply increased, and then slowly increased. The surface of the specimens without aging was relatively flat, and the micro-pits visible to the naked eye appeared on the surface of the specimens after 36 days of low-temperature treatment, and the number increased with time. hb```l"B The loading speed of the testing machine was set to 500 mm/min [17,18]. Figure 10 presents the infrared spectra of the rubber waterstop under a low-temperature air environment. Learn more In water conservancy and hydro-power projects, considering that concrete cannot be continuously poured, construction joints, settlement joints and deformation joints are needed in order to adapt to the deformation of foundation and the deformation caused by the change in temperature. CEOs Walk the Talk: Reshoring Realities Point to a Golden Era for Domestic Supply But Whats Best for Your Rubber Components? Therefore, we put the rubber waterstop in the freezing test chamber for accelerated aging, and tested its tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, compression set and hardness under different aging times, and carried out microscopic detection on the damaged specimen, trying to find the aging mechanism of rubber in the freezing environment. How Does the Introduction of a Porous Aggregate Improve Foam Concrete 3D Printing? Before This information is provided for reference only. If you need an account, pleaseregister here. will also be available for a limited time. With the increase in aging time, the peak intensities of CH3 at 2915 cm1 and 2841 cm1 and C=C at 1640 cm1 and 878 cm1 decreased slightly, while the peak intensities of CH2 at 1430 cm1 and CH3 at 1372 cm1 increased slightly. Analysis on climate characteristics of Shigatse in 2014. The authors declare no conflict of interest. This article provides an end-of-life assessment of lithium-ion batteries, focusing on the recycling of an ever-growing amount of spent Li-Ion batteries in order to work toward a sustainable and circular approach to battery use and reuse. 571 0 obj
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In the ATR-FTIR spectra, the peak at 29002800 cm1, 1430 cm1 and 1372 cm1 was assigned to CH stretching vibrations of CH2, CH3. This shows that the brittleness of rubber increases with the aging time, and the adverse effect is more obvious in the low-temperature air environment. Thus, this environment has an effect on the strength of the rubber waterstop, but the effect is far less than that in the low-temperature air environment. Figure 9 shows the change curve of the C and O element content with aging time under three different environments. !gM`dc /z]l`LJH RD6`v=dtD_~v q l^)&FS`10j?
Durability of rubber waterstop in extreme environment: Effect and mechanisms of ultraviolet aging. ; formal analysis, S.L. Corrosion is the degradation of analloy caused by its exposure to the environment. The most obvious change was the stretching vibration peak of hydroxyl (OH) at 35003200 cm1. ), 2Jianke Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200032, China; [emailprotected]. It also has good mechanical properties over a wide temperature range. The peaks at 1640 cm1 and 878 cm1 were defined as =CH stretching vibration of the cis-1,4 structure, while the peak at 1443 cm1 was assigned to deformation vibration absorption of CO. Figure 1 shows the flow chart of our experiments. ; methodology, S.L. SBR is mostly used in tires and seals for non-mineral oil based applications. Nitrile has good mechanical properties and high wear resistance relative to other elastomers. The hardness increases slowly, the material becomes hard and gradually loses its elasticity. At the Advanced Materials Show, AZoM spoke with Vig Sherrill from General Graphene about the future of graphene and how their novel production technique will lower costs to open up a whole new world of applications in the future. Increase in low-temperature aging time leads to a decrease in the tensile strength, elongation, tear strength and compression permanent deformation and an increase in the hardness of the rubber waterstop. Selecting this option will search all publications across the Scitation platform, Selecting this option will search all publications for the Publisher/Society in context, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Mechanical properties of natural rubber composites reinforced with cellulose fibers, Industrial Products Research Institute, 114 Higashi, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki 305, Japan, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Polymer Technology, S100 44, Stockholm, Sweden. In the aging process of these polymers, the CC double bond breaks and forms hyperoxide-hydroperoxides, which leads to the decrease in the C element and the increase in the O element on the rubber surface. In the low-temperature air environment, the content of the C element decreased by 4.77% while the content of O element increased by 45.0% after 72 days; the oxidation reaction suddenly became faster from 72 days to 90 days, the content of C element decreased by 13.98% and the content of the O element increased by 105.0% after 90 days. Tensile strength and tear strength decreased by 19.1% and 23.3% in the low-temperature water environment. YangJin Z.M., JiaYong C.C. Silicones also has good resistance to ozone, weather and is also a good insulator. Time and Stress Effects in the Behavior of Rubber at Low Temperature. The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. Considering the constant change of the dam water level in this project [14], the rubber waterstop buried in the dam may be above or below the water surface in different seasons, so the low-temperature environment is divided into low-temperature air environment and low-temperature water environment. Infrared spectra of low-temperature water environment. The FTIR was operated within the scan angle range of 590and a scan speed of 5/min. Or better yet, use the rubber chart to find which material will best suit your environment. First of all, natural rubber is derived from rubber trees, while fossil-based polymers are derived from petroleum by-products, which means that natural rubber is inexhaustible and fossil-based polymers are limited. After 90 days, the surface became rougher as the protrusion on the surface increased, and the stepped stratification phenomenon became more obvious. The DW40 refrigerating test chamber was produced by Nanjing Sibenke Experiment Co (China). rubber waterstop, low temperature, aging performance, microscopic examination, mechanism analysis. The decrease in compression permanent deformation indicates that the deformation capacity of vulcanized rubber gradually decreases with the increase in aging time at low temperature, that is, the plasticity weakens. Accessibility In applications, rubber waterstop is often exposed to various environments, such as oxygen, ozone, light and temperature, so it often changes in composition and structure [5,6]. and transmitted securely. At the same time, many protrusions appeared on the surface of the rubber waterstop, the C element gradually decreased, and the O element gradually increased. However, it does not do well with petroleum oils, sunlight and ozone. This research received no external funding. [11] accelerated the aging of rubber in a hot oxygen environment and investigated the changes in the mechanical properties of rubber before and after aging and the degree of aging with aging temperature and time. 637 0 obj
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As fossil-based polymers are difficult to degrade [7], many fossil-based polymers products are discarded and flow into the sea [8]. HNBR has excellent abrasion, compression set, tensile, and tear properties. 1College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; [emailprotected] (W.Y. Neoprene exhibits good oil, ozone, weather, aging, refrigeration and chemical resistance. Meanwhile, fossil-based polymers easily burn and release gases that are harmful to the environment, such as toluene. Responds very well with resistance to ozone, high temperatures, oxygen, mineral oil, synthetic hydraulic fluids, fuels, aromatics and many organic solvents and chemicals.